Amathangi okugcina ama-cryogenicziyizakhi ezibalulekile ezimbonini ezidinga ukugcinwa nokuhamba kwamagesi agxekayo emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Lawa amathangi enzelwe ukulondolozela izinto emazingeni okushisa ama-cryogenic, ngokuvamile aphansi -150 ° C (-238 ° F), ukuze azigcine esesimweni sabo se-liquid. Umgomo osebenzayo wamathangi okugcina ama-crygenic ususelwa ku-thermodynamics nemigomo yokuphepha eqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kokugcina lezi zinto.
Enye yezinto ezibalulekile zamathangi okugcina ama-cryogenic uhlelo lokufakelwa. Ithangi livame ukufakwa olifakwe kabili, ngodonga lwangaphandle olusebenza njengongqimba oluvikelayo nodonga lwangaphakathi lubambe igesi e-liquefied. Isikhala phakathi kwalezi zindonga ezimbili siyakhishwa ukudala i-vacuum, enciphisa ukudluliselwa kokushisa futhi ivimbele ukulahleka kokushisa kwe-cryogenic. Lolu hlelo lokufaka insulation lubalulekile ekugcineni lokushisa okuphansi ngaphakathi kwethangi futhi uvimbele igesi e-liquefied kusuka ekugwebeni.
Ngaphezu kohlelo lokufakelwa,Amathangi okugcina ama-cryogenicFuthi sebenzisa izinto ezikhethekile zokumelana namazinga okushisa abandayo amnyama kakhulu. Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwalawa mathangi zikhethwe ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwazo nezinto ze-cryogenic kanye nekhono labo lokubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi ngaphandle kokuthola ubuqotho babo. Ama-alloys ensimbi engenasici kanye ne-aluminium asetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa komkhumbi wangaphakathi, kuyilapho insimbi yekhabhoni ivame ukusetshenziselwa igobolondo langaphandle. Lezi zinto zokwenziwa zihlongoza izinyathelo eziqinile zokulawula ikhwalithi yokuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwabo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-cryogenic.
Isitoreji nokuhamba kwezinto ze-Crygenic nazo zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwama-valves akhethekile nokufakelwa okungasebenza ngempumelelo emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Lezi zingxenye zenzelwe ukuvikela ukuvuza nokugcina ubuqotho bethangi, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezedlulele zesitoreji se-cryogenic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathangi afakwe amadivaysi okusiza ingcindezi ukuvimbela ukucindezelwa ngokweqile futhi aqinisekise ukuphepha kohlelo lokugcina.
Umgomo osebenzayo wamathangi okugcina ama-cryogenic uhilela ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zefriji ukuze alondoloze amazinga okushisa aphansi ngaphakathi kwethangi. Lezi zinhlelo zenzelwe ukuqhubeka susa ukushisa ethangini bese ulawula amazinga okushisa egesi elihlanganisiwe ukuze aligcine esimweni salo se-liquid. Amasistimu wefriji aklanywe ngokucophelela futhi abhekwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokwethembeka kwabo, njengoba noma yikuphi ukwehluleka kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kokushisa kwe-cryogenic kanye nokuhwamuka okungenzeka kwezinto ngaphakathi kwethangi.
Ezimbonini ezinjengokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukucubungula ukudla, kanye nokukhiqiza ama-elekthronikhi, amathangi okugcina ama-cryogenic adlala indima ebalulekile ekugcinweni nasekuthutha izinto ezinjenge-nitrogen ewuketshezi, umoya we-lowgen, kanye ne-helium ewuketshezi. Lezi zinto zisetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo, kusuka ekugcinweni kwamasampula wemvelo kanye nezinto zokwelashwa ekupholiseni ama-superconducting magnets nezinto zokwakha ze-semiconductor. Ukusebenza okuphephile nokusebenzayo kwamathangi okugcina ama-cryogenic kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukutholakala kanye nekhwalithi yalezi zinto zezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni.
Umgomo osebenzayo wamathangi okugcina ama-cryogenic nawo ubalulekile emkhakheni wokugcina amandla nokuhamba. I-liquefied gesi yemvelo kagesi (LNG) kanye ne-wequid hydrogen iya ngokuya isetshenziswa njengabanye amafutha ezimoto nezizukulwane. Isitoreji nokuhamba kwalezi zinto ze-cryogenic zidinga amathangi akhethekile ama-cryogenic angagcina amazinga okushisa aphansi futhi aphathe izakhiwo ezihlukile zalawa manzi. Izimiso zokugcina i-cryogenic zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nangokuphumelelayo kwalawa mafutha ahlukile.
Umgomo osebenzayo wamathangi okugcina ama-cryogenic nawo ubalulekile embonini ye-aerospace, lapho ama-profelacs ama-cryrogenic anjenge-oxygen uketshezi kanye ne-hydrogen ewuketshezi esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-rocket propulsion. Lawa ma-propellal adinga ukugcinwa futhi ahanjiswe emazingeni okushisa ama-cryogenic ukuze alondoloze ubukhulu bawo aphezulu futhi aqinisekise ukuhlanganiswa okusebenzayo ngesikhathi kukhuphuka kwe-rocket. Amathangi okugcina ama-cryogenic adlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlinzekeni ingqalasizinda edingekayo yokugcina kanye nokuphatha laba abagqugquzeli embonini ye-aerospace.
Ekuphetheni, umgomo osebenzayo weAmathangi okugcina ama-cryogenickusekelwe kwimigomo ye-thermodynamics, ubunjiniyela, kanye nesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo. Lawa amathangi enzelwe ukulondolozela amazinga okushisa aphansi adingekayo ekugcinweni nasekuthutha amagesi aloluyayo, ngenkathi eqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kohlelo lokugcina. Izinhlelo zokufakelwa, izinto zokwenziwa, ama-valve, kanye nezinhlelo ze-afriji ezisetshenziswa emathangini okugcina ama-cryogenic ziklanywe ngokucophelela futhi zihlolwe ukuze zihlangabezane nezinselelo ezihlukile zokuphatha izinto ze-cryogenic. Noma ngabe kusezimboni, amandla, noma izicelo ze-aerospace, amathangi okugcina ama-cryogenic abalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukutholakala nokusetshenziswa okuphephile kwamagesi ashubile emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu.
Isikhathi sePosi: Feb-03-2024
