Amathangi okugcina e-Cryogenicziyizingxenye ezibalulekile ezimbonini ezidinga ukugcinwa kanye nokuthuthwa kwamagesi anoketshezi emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Lawa mathangi aklanyelwe ukugcina izinto emazingeni okushisa e-cryogenic, ngokuvamile angaphansi kuka -150°C (-238°F), ukuze zigcinwe esimweni sazo soketshezi. Isimiso sokusebenza samathangi okugcina i-cryogenic sisekelwe ku-thermodynamics kanye nezimiso zobunjiniyela eziqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kokugcina lezi zinto.
Enye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zamathangi okugcina i-cryogenic uhlelo lokufakwa kwe-insulation. Ithangi ngokuvamile linezindonga ezimbili, udonga lwangaphandle lusebenza njengongqimba oluvikelayo kanye nodonga lwangaphakathi olubambe igesi eliwuketshezi. Isikhala esiphakathi kwezindonga ezimbili siyakhishwa ukuze kwakhiwe i-vacuum, enciphisa ukudluliswa kokushisa futhi ivimbele ukulahlekelwa kwezinga lokushisa le-cryogenic. Lolu hlelo lokufaka uketshezi lubalulekile ekugcineni izinga lokushisa eliphansi ngaphakathi kwethangi kanye nokuvimbela igesi ewuketshezi ukuthi ingahwamuki.
Ngaphezu kwe-insulation system,amathangi okugcina ama-cryogenicfuthi sebenzisa izinto ezikhethekile ukumelana namazinga okushisa abandayo. Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwala mathangi zikhethwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana kwazo nezinto ze-cryogenic kanye nekhono labo lokumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi ngaphandle kokuba brittle noma ukulahlekelwa ubuqotho babo besakhiwo. Insimbi engagqwali kanye ne-aluminium alloys ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa komkhumbi wangaphakathi, kuyilapho i-carbon steel ivame ukusetshenziselwa igobolondo langaphandle. Lezi zinto zihlolwa ngokuqinile kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufaneleka kwazo kwezicelo ze-cryogenic.
Ukugcinwa nokuthuthwa kwezinto ze-cryogenic nazo zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwama-valve akhethekile kanye nokufakwa okungasebenza ngokuphumelelayo emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Lezi zingxenye zenzelwe ukuvimbela ukuvuza nokugcina ubuqotho bethangi, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu zokugcina i-cryogenic. Ukwengeza, amathangi afakwe imishini yokusiza ukucindezela ukuvimbela ukucindezela ngokweqile nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesistimu yokugcina.
Isimiso sokusebenza samathangi okugcina i-cryogenic sihlanganisa nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zesiqandisi ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa eliphansi ngaphakathi kwethangi. Lezi zinhlelo zenzelwe ukususa ukushisa ethangini ngokuqhubekayo futhi zilawule izinga lokushisa legesi eliwuketshezi ukuze lihlale lisesimweni salo soketshezi. Amasistimu wokuqandisa aklanywe ngokucophelela futhi aqashwe ngeso lokhozi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwawo kanye nokwethembeka, njengoba noma yikuphi ukwehluleka kungase kubangele ukulahlekelwa izinga lokushisa le-cryogenic kanye nokuhwamuka okungaba khona kwezinto ezingaphakathi kwethangi.
Ezimbonini ezifana nokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukucubungula ukudla, kanye nokukhiqiza izinto zikagesi, amathangi okugcina i-cryogenic adlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni nasekuthutheni izinto ezifana ne-nitrogen ewuketshezi, umoya-mpilo owuketshezi, ne-helium ewuketshezi. Lezi zinto zisetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, kusukela ekulondolozeni amasampula ebhayoloji kanye nempahla yezokwelapha kuye ekupholiseni omazibuthe be-superconducting kanye nezinto zokwakha ze-semiconductor. Ukusebenza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kwamathangi okugcina ama-cryogenic kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kanye nekhwalithi yalezi zinto ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zezimboni.
Umgomo wokusebenza wamathangi okugcina i-cryogenic nawo ubalulekile emkhakheni wokugcinwa kwamandla nokuthutha. I-Liquefied natural gas (LNG) ne-liquid hydrogen ziya ngokuya zisetshenziswa njengamanye amafutha ezimoto kanye nokuphehla ugesi. Ukugcinwa nokuthuthwa kwalezi zinto ze-cryogenic kudinga amathangi akhethekile e-cryogenic angagcina amazinga okushisa aphansi futhi aphathe izakhiwo eziyingqayizivele zalezi ziketshezi. Izimiso zokugcina i-cryogenic zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokusebenzayo kwalawa ma-fuel fuels.
Umgomo wokusebenza wamathangi okugcina i-cryogenic nawo ubalulekile embonini ye-aerospace, lapho ama-cryogenic propellants afana ne-liquid oxygen ne-liquid hydrogen asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-rocket propulsion. Lawa ma-propellants adinga ukugcinwa futhi athuthwe emazingeni okushisa e-cryogenic ukuze agcine ukuminyana kwawo okuphezulu futhi aqinisekise ukuvutha okuphumelelayo ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka kwerokhethi. Amathangi okugcina ama-Cryogenic adlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlinzekeni ingqalasizinda edingekayo yokugcina kanye nokuphatha lezi ziphehli embonini ye-aerospace.
Sengiphetha, umgomo wokusebenza weamathangi okugcina ama-cryogenicisekelwe ezimisweni ze-thermodynamics, ubunjiniyela, nesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo. Lawa mathangi aklanyelwe ukugcina amazinga okushisa aphansi adingekayo ukuze kugcinwe futhi kuthuthwe amagesi anoketshezi, kuyilapho kuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kohlelo lokugcina. Amasistimu okufaka izinto, izinto zokwakha, ama-valve, kanye nezinhlelo zokuqandisa ezisetshenziswa emathangeni okugcina ama-cryogenic aklanywe ngokucophelela futhi avivinywa ukuze ahlangabezane nezinselele eziyingqayizivele zokuphatha izinto ezikhalayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusezimbonini, zamandla, noma kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-aerospace, amathangi okulondoloza i-cryogenic abalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphephile kwamagesi aluketshezi emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-03-2024
