Amathangi okugcina izinto ezicijileziyizingxenye ezibalulekile ezimbonini ezidinga ukugcinwa nokuthuthwa kwamagesi ancibilikisiwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Lawa matanki aklanyelwe ukugcina izinto emazingeni okushisa ancibilikisiwe, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kuka--150°C (-238°F), ukuze zigcinwe zisesimweni sazo soketshezi. Isimiso sokusebenza samathangi okugcina izinto ezincibilikisiwe sisekelwe ezimisweni ze-thermodynamics kanye nobunjiniyela eziqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kokugcina lezi zinto.
Esinye sezingxenye ezibalulekile zamathangi okugcina amanzi acwebezelayo uhlelo lokuvikela ukushisa. Ithangi livame ukuba nezindonga ezimbili, udonga lwangaphandle lusebenza njengesendlalelo sokuvikela kanti udonga lwangaphakathi lubamba igesi ecwebezelayo. Isikhala esiphakathi kwezindonga ezimbili siyasuswa ukuze kudalwe i-vacuum, enciphisa ukudluliselwa kokushisa futhi ivimbele ukulahleka kwezinga lokushisa elicwebezelayo. Lolu hlelo lokuvikela ukushisa lubalulekile ekugcineni izinga lokushisa eliphansi ngaphakathi kwethangi nokuvimbela igesi ecwebezelayo ukuthi ingashisi.
Ngaphezu kohlelo lokufaka izinto zokushisa,amathangi okugcina izinto ezibangela ukucasukasebenzisa nezinto ezikhethekile ukuze umelane namazinga okushisa abandayo kakhulu. Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwala matanki zikhethwa ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyahambisana nezinto ezibangela i-cryogenic kanye nekhono lazo lokumamela amazinga okushisa aphansi ngaphandle kokuba ziqhekeke noma zilahlekelwe ubuqotho bazo besakhiwo. Izinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali kanye ne-aluminium zivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni isitsha sangaphakathi, kuyilapho insimbi yekhabhoni ivame ukusetshenziswa egobolondweni langaphandle. Lezi zinto zidlula ekuhlolweni okuqinile kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zifanelekile ukusetshenziswa kwe-cryogenic.
Ukugcinwa nokuthuthwa kwezinto ezibangela ukuvuza kudinga nokusetshenziswa kwama-valve akhethekile kanye nezinto zokufaka ezingasebenza kahle emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Lezi zingxenye zenzelwe ukuvimbela ukuvuza nokugcina ubuqotho bethangi, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu zokugcina okubangela ukuvuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathangi afakwe amadivayisi okusiza ukucindezela ukuvimbela ukucindezeleka ngokweqile nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kohlelo lokugcina.
Umgomo osebenzayo wamatangi okugcina izinto ezicijile uhilela nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokuqandisa ukuze kugcinwe amazinga okushisa aphansi ngaphakathi kwethangi. Lezi zinhlelo zenzelwe ukususa ukushisa njalo ethangini nokulawula izinga lokushisa legesi elincibilikisiwe ukuze lihlale lisesimweni salo soketshezi. Izinhlelo zokuqandisa ziklanywe ngokucophelela futhi ziqashwe ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwazo nokuthembeka kwazo, njengoba noma yikuphi ukwehluleka kungabangela ukulahlekelwa izinga lokushisa elicijile kanye nokuhwamuka okungenzeka kwezinto ezingaphakathi kwethangi.
Ezimbonini ezifana nokunakekelwa kwempilo, ukucubungula ukudla, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinto zikagesi, amathangi okugcina izinto ezi-cryogenic adlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni nasekuthutheni izinto ezifana ne-nitrogen ewuketshezi, i-oxygen ewuketshezi, kanye ne-helium ewuketshezi. Lezi zinto zisetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo, kusukela ekulondolozeni amasampula ezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinto zezokwelapha kuya kuma-magnets okupholisa i-superconducting kanye nezinto ze-semiconductor. Ukusebenza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kwamathangi okugcina izinto ezi-cryogenic kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kanye nekhwalithi yalezi zinto zezinqubo ezahlukene zezimboni.
Isimiso sokusebenza samathangi okugcina igesi e-cryogenic sibalulekile futhi emkhakheni wokugcina amandla kanye nokuthuthwa. Igesi yemvelo e-liquefied (LNG) kanye ne-hydrogen ewuketshezi kuya ngokuya kusetshenziswa njengamafutha ahlukile ezimotweni kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla. Ukugcinwa kanye nokuthuthwa kwalezi zinto ezi-cryogenic kudinga amathangi akhethekile e-cryogenic angagcina amazinga okushisa aphansi futhi aphathe izakhiwo ezihlukile zalezi ziketshezi. Izimiso zokugcina igesi e-cryogenic zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokusebenzayo kwala mafutha ahlukile.
Isimiso sokusebenza samathangi okugcina i-cryogenic sibalulekile nasembonini yezindiza, lapho kusetshenziswa khona ama-propellant e-cryogenic njenge-oxygen ewuketshezi kanye ne-hydrogen ewuketshezi ezinhlelweni zokuhambisa amarokhethi. Lawa ma-propellant kudingeka agcinwe futhi athuthwe emazingeni okushisa e-cryogenic ukuze agcine ubuningi bawo obuphezulu futhi aqinisekise ukusha okuphumelelayo ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka kwerokhethi. Amathangi okugcina i-cryogenic adlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlinzekeni ingqalasizinda edingekayo yokugcina nokuphatha la ma-propellant embonini yezindiza.
Ekuphetheni, isimiso sokusebenza se-amathangi okugcina izinto ezibangela ukucasukaisekelwe ezimisweni ze-thermodynamics, ubunjiniyela, kanye nesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo. Lawa matanki aklanyelwe ukugcina amazinga okushisa aphansi adingekayo ukugcina nokuthutha amagesi ancibilikisiwe, ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kohlelo lokugcina. Izinhlelo zokushisa, izinto zokwakha, ama-valve, kanye nezinhlelo zokuqandisa ezisetshenziswa emathangini okugcina amagesi ancibilikisiwe zaklanywa ngokucophelela futhi zahlolwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinselele eziyingqayizivele zokuphatha izinto ezincibilikisiwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusezimbonini, emandleni, noma ezindaweni zokusebenzisa izindiza, amathangi okugcina amagesi ancibilikisiwe abalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukutholakala nokusetshenziswa okuphephile kwamagesi ancibilikisiwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-03-2024
