Ithangi le-CO₂ Buffer: Isixazululo Esisebenzayo Sokulawula I-Carbon Dioxide
Inzuzo yomkhiqizo
Ezinqubweni zezimboni kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide (CO₂) sekuyinkinga eyinhloko. Indlela ephumelelayo yokuphatha ukukhishwa kwe-CO₂ ukusebenzisa amathangi okukhuphuka kwe-CO₂. Lawa matanki adlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni nasekulawuleni ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide, ngaleyo ndlela aqinisekise indawo ephephile nehlala isikhathi eside.
Okokuqala, ake sihlole izici zethangi lokukhuphuka kwe-CO₂. Lawa matanki aklanyelwe ngqo ukugcina nokuqukatha i-carbon dioxide, esebenza njenge-buffer phakathi komthombo nezindawo ezahlukene zokusabalalisa. Ngokuvamile enziwe ngensimbi engagqwali esezingeni eliphezulu, eqinisekisa ukuqina nokumelana nokugqwala. Amathangi okukhuphuka kwe-CO₂ ngokuvamile anomthamo wamalitha angamakhulu kuya kwayizinkulungwane, kuye ngezidingo ezithile zesicelo.
Isici esiyinhloko sethangi le-CO₂ buffer yikhono lalo lokumunca nokugcina i-CO₂ eningi ngempumelelo. Lapho kukhiqizwa i-carbon dioxide, iqondiswa ethangini lokukhuphuka lapho igcinwa khona ngokuphephile kuze kube yilapho ingasetshenziswa kahle noma ikhishwa ngokuphephile. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana ngokweqile kwe-carbon dioxide endaweni ezungezile, kunciphisa ingozi yezingozi ezingaba khona nokuqinisekisa ukulandelwa kwemithethonqubo yezemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithangi le-CO₂ buffer lihlonyiswe ngezinhlelo zokulawula ukucindezela kanye nokushisa ezithuthukisiwe. Lokhu kuvumela ithangi ukuthi ligcine izimo zokusebenza ezifanele, liqinisekise ukuphepha kanye nokuqina kwe-carbon dioxide egciniwe. Lezi zinhlelo zokulawula zenzelwe ukulawula ukuguquguquka kokucindezela kanye nokushisa, ukuvimbela noma yikuphi ukulimala okungenzeka emathangini okugcina, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphephile kwezinqubo ezingezansi komfula.
Esinye isici esibalulekile samatangi okukhuphuka kwe-CO₂ ukuhambisana kwawo nezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni. Angahlanganiswa kalula ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-carbon dioxide ephuzweni, ukucubungula ukudla, ukutshala izitshalo ezishisayo kanye nezinhlelo zokuvimbela umlilo. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwenza amathangi okugoqa i-CO₂ abe yingxenye ebalulekile yezimboni eziningi, okuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sokuphathwa kwe-CO₂ okusimeme.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithangi le-CO₂ buffer laklanywa ngezici zokuphepha ezibeka phambili ukuvikela umqhubi kanye nendawo ezungezile. Zifakwe ama-valve okuphepha, amadivayisi okusiza ukucindezeleka kanye nama-disc okuqhekeka ukusiza ukuvimbela ukucindezeleka okweqile nokuqinisekisa ukukhishwa okulawulwayo kwe-carbon dioxide esimweni esiphuthumayo. Ukulandela izinqubo zokufaka nokulungisa ezifanele kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuphepha kwethangi lakho le-CO₂ surge.
Izinzuzo zamathangi e-CO₂ buffer azigcini nje ngezici zemvelo nezokuphepha. Zisiza futhi ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Ngokusebenzisa amathangi e-CO₂ buffer, izimboni zingaphatha ngempumelelo ukukhishwa kwe-CO₂, zinciphise imfucuza futhi zithuthukise izinqubo zokukhiqiza jikelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa matangi angahlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokulawula ezithuthukisiwe ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuqapha nokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle ngokwengeziwe.
Ekuphetheni, amathangi e-CO₂ buffer adlala indima ebalulekile ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwe-CO₂ ezisetshenziswayo ezimbonini nasemabhizinisini ahlukahlukene. Izici zawo, okuhlanganisa ikhono lokugcina nokulawula i-carbon dioxide, izinhlelo zokulawula ezithuthukisiwe, ukuhambisana nezimboni ezahlukene kanye nezici zokuphepha, kuzenza zibe yimpahla ebalulekile ekufezeni imigomo yentuthuko esimeme. Njengoba izimboni ziqhubeka nokubeka phambili izinkinga zemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamathangi e-CO₂ surge ngokungangabazeki kuzoba yinto evamile, kuqinisekiswe ikusasa elihlanzekile neliphephile kithi sonke.
Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Zomkhiqizo
Esimweni sezimboni sanamuhla, ukusimama kwemvelo kanye nokusebenza kahle sekuyindawo ebalulekile okugxilwe kuyo. Njengoba izimboni zilwela ukunciphisa umthelela wazo wekhabhoni futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, ukusetshenziswa kwamathangi e-CO₂ buffer kuye kwaqashelwa kabanzi. Lawa matangi okugcina izinto adlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokusebenza, enikeza izinzuzo ezahlukahlukene ezingaba nomthelela omuhle ezimbonini kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukene.
Ithangi le-carbon dioxide buffer liyisitsha esisetshenziselwa ukugcina nokulawula igesi ye-carbon dioxide. I-carbon dioxide yaziwa ngokubilisa kwayo okuphansi futhi iguquka kusuka kugesi ibe yinto eqinile noma uketshezi emazingeni okushisa abucayi kanye nokucindezeleka. Amathangi okushushumbisa ahlinzeka ngendawo elawulwayo eqinisekisa ukuthi i-carbon dioxide ihlala isesimweni segesi, okwenza kube lula ukuyiphatha nokuyithutha.
Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa amathangi okukhuphuka kwe-CO₂ isembonini yeziphuzo. I-Carbon dioxide isetshenziswa kabanzi njengesithako esiyinhloko eziphuzweni ezine-carbonated, inikeza i-fizz ephawulekayo futhi ithuthukisa ukunambitheka. Ithangi lokukhuphuka lisebenza njengendawo yokugcina i-carbon dioxide, iqinisekisa ukutholakala okuqhubekayo kwenqubo yokufaka i-carbon ngenkathi igcina ikhwalithi yayo. Ngokugcina inani elikhulu le-carbon dioxide, ithangi lenza kube lula ukukhiqizwa kahle futhi linciphise ingozi yokuntuleka kokunikezwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathangi e-CO₂ buffer asetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni, ikakhulukazi ezinqubweni zokushisela kanye nokwakhiwa kwensimbi. Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, i-carbon dioxide ivame ukusetshenziswa njengegesi yokuvikela. Ithangi le-buffer lidlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukuhlinzekwa kwe-carbon dioxide nokuqinisekisa ukugeleza kwegesi okuzinzile ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokushisela, okuyisihluthulelo sokufeza ukushisela kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngokugcina ukuhlinzekwa kwe-carbon dioxide okuqhubekayo, ithangi lenza kube lula ukushisela ngokunemba futhi lisize ekwandiseni umkhiqizo.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa okuphawulekayo kwamathangi okukhula kwe-CO₂ kusezolimo. I-Carbon dioxide ibalulekile ekutshalweni kwezitshalo zangaphakathi ngoba ikhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo kanye ne-photosynthesis. Ngokuhlinzeka ngendawo elawulwayo ye-CO₂, la matangi enza abalimi bakwazi ukwenza ngcono isivuno sezitshalo futhi bandise umkhiqizo jikelele. Izindawo zokugcina izitshalo ezihlonyiswe ngamathangi okugcina i-carbon dioxide zingadala indawo enamazinga aphezulu e-carbon dioxide, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi lapho amazinga emvelo omoya enganele. Le nqubo, eyaziwa ngokuthi ukucebisa i-carbon dioxide, ikhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo okunempilo nokusheshayo, ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yezitshalo kanye nobuningi bazo.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa amathangi okukhuphuka kwe-CO₂ azigcini nje ezimbonini ezithile. Ngokugcina nokusabalalisa i-carbon dioxide ngempumelelo, la matanki asiza ekunciphiseni imfucuza futhi andise ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo iyonke. Ukulawula okuqinile amazinga e-carbon dioxide kuzosiza futhi ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa, okunegalelo ekusaseni elizinzile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuqinisekisa ukutholakala okuqhubekayo kwe-CO₂, amabhizinisi angagwema ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukushoda okungenzeka, okuvumela ukusebenza okungaphazanyiswa kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende okwandisiwe.
Ngamafuphi, ukusetshenziswa kwamatangi e-carbon dioxide buffer kubalulekile ezimbonini ezahlukene. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusembonini yeziphuzo, ekukhiqizeni noma kwezolimo, lawa matanki adlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukutholakala okuzinzile kwe-CO₂. Indawo elawulwayo enikezwa ngamatangi e-buffer inegalelo elikhulu ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza eziphumelelayo, ukushisela kwekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokutshalwa kwezitshalo okuthuthukisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwemfucuza kanye negesi ebamba ukushisa, amathangi e-CO₂ buffer asiza izimboni ukuthi ziqhubekele phambili ekusaseni elizinzile. Njengoba izimboni ziqhubeka nokubeka phambili umthwalo wemfanelo wezemvelo kanye nokusebenza kahle, ukusetshenziswa kwamatangi e-CO₂ surge ngokungangabazeki kuzoqhubeka nokukhula futhi kube yimpahla ebalulekile.
Ifektri
Indawo Yokuhamba
Indawo yokukhiqiza
| Amapharamitha okuklama kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe | ||||||||
| inombolo yomkhiqizo | iphrojekthi | isitsha | ||||||
| 1 | Izindinganiso kanye nemininingwane yokuklama, ukukhiqiza, ukuhlola kanye nokuhlola | 1. GB/T150.1~150.4-2011 “Izitsha Zokucindezela”. 2. TSG 21-2016 “Imithethonqubo Yokuqapha Ubuchwepheshe Bokuphepha Yezitsha Ezinengcindezi Engashintshi”. 3. NB/T47015-2011 “Imithetho Yokushisela Yezitsha Ezicindezelayo”. | ||||||
| 2 | i-MPa yokucindezela komklamo | 5.0 | ||||||
| 3 | ingcindezi yomsebenzi | I-MPa | 4.0 | |||||
| 4 | setha izinga lokushisa ℃ | 80 | ||||||
| 5 | Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza ℃ | 20 | ||||||
| 6 | okuphakathi nendawo | Umoya/Awunabo ubuthi/Iqembu Lesibili | ||||||
| 7 | Izinto eziyinhloko zengxenye yokucindezela | Ibanga lepuleti lensimbi kanye nezinga elijwayelekile | Q345R GB/T713-2014 | |||||
| hlola kabusha | / | |||||||
| 8 | Izinto zokushisela | ukushisela i-arc engaphansi kwamanzi | H10Mn2+SJ101 | |||||
| Ukushisela i-arc yensimbi yegesi, ukushisela i-argon tungsten arc, ukushisela i-electrode arc | I-ER50-6,J507 | |||||||
| 9 | I-coefficient yamalunga e-Weld | 1.0 | ||||||
| 10 | Akunakulahlekelwa ukutholwa | Uhlobo A, isixhumi se-splice B | NB/T47013.2-2015 | I-X-ray eyi-100%, Isigaba II, Ubuchwepheshe Bokuthola Isigaba AB | ||||
| NB/T47013.3-2015 | / | |||||||
| A, B, C, D, E amalunga ahlanganisiwe | NB/T47013.4-2015 | Ukuhlolwa kwezinhlayiya ze-magnetic eziyi-100%, ibanga | ||||||
| 11 | Isibonelelo sokugqwala mm | 1 | ||||||
| 12 | Bala ubukhulu mm | Isilinda: 17.81 Inhloko: 17.69 | ||||||
| 13 | ivolumu egcwele m³ | 5 | ||||||
| 14 | Isici sokugcwalisa | / | ||||||
| 15 | ukwelashwa kokushisa | / | ||||||
| 16 | Izigaba zezitsha | Isigaba II | ||||||
| 17 | Ikhodi yokuklama i-Seismic kanye nebanga | izinga 8 | ||||||
| 18 | Ikhodi yokuklama umthwalo womoya kanye nesivinini somoya | Ukucindezela komoya 850Pa | ||||||
| 19 | ingcindezi yokuhlola | Ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic (izinga lokushisa lamanzi alikho ngaphansi kuka-5°C) MPa | / | |||||
| ukuhlolwa komfutho womoya i-MPa | 5.5 (i-nitrogen) | |||||||
| Ukuhlolwa kokuqina komoya | I-MPa | / | ||||||
| 20 | Izesekeli zokuphepha kanye nezinsimbi | igeyiji yokucindezela | Ukudayela: 100mm Ibanga: 0~10MPa | |||||
| ivalvu yokuphepha | ingcindezi esethiwe：MPa | 4.4 | ||||||
| ububanzi obujwayelekile | I-DN40 | |||||||
| 21 | ukuhlanza ubuso | I-JB/T6896-2007 | ||||||
| 22 | Impilo yesevisi yokuklama | Iminyaka engama-20 | ||||||
| 23 | Ukupakisha Nokuthumela | Ngokwemithethonqubo ye-NB/T10558-2021 “Ukugqoka Nokupakisha Izitsha Zokucindezela” | ||||||
| “Qaphela: 1. Imishini kufanele isekelwe kahle, futhi ukumelana nokufakwa komhlabathi kufanele kube ngu-≤10Ω.2. Le mishini ihlolwa njalo ngokwezidingo ze-TSG 21-2016 “Imithethonqubo Yokuqapha Ubuchwepheshe Bokuphepha Yezitsha Ezicindezelayo Ezimile”. Lapho inani lokugqwala kwemishini lifinyelela inani elibekiwe ekudwebeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwemishini, izomiswa ngokushesha.3. Ukuqondiswa kwe-nozzle kubhekwa ngendlela ethi A. “ | ||||||||
| Itafula le-nozzle | ||||||||
| uphawu | Usayizi ojwayelekile | Usayizi woxhumano ojwayelekile | Uhlobo lokuxhumanisa | inhloso noma igama | ||||
| A | I-DN80 | HG/T 20592-2009 WN80(B)-63 | I-RF | ukungena komoya | ||||
| B | / | I-M20×1.5 | Iphethini yebhabhathane | Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokulinganisa ingcindezi | ||||
| ( | I-DN80 | HG/T 20592-2009 WN80(B)-63 | I-RF | indawo yokukhipha umoya | ||||
| D | I-DN40 | / | ukushisela | Isixhumi se-valve yokuphepha | ||||
| E | I-DN25 | / | ukushisela | Indawo Yokukhipha Indle | ||||
| F | I-DN40 | HG/T 20592-2009 WN40(B)-63 | I-RF | umlomo we-thermometer | ||||
| M | I-DN450 | I-HG/T 20615-2009 S0450-300 | I-RF | umngxuma | ||||
