I-HT(Q)LNG Ithangi Lesitoreji – Isixazululo Sesitoreji Sekhwalithi Ephezulu se-LNG
Inzuzo yomkhiqizo
I-Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) isiphenduke umthombo wamandla obalulekile, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo zemvelo nokuhlukahluka. Ukuze kube lula ukugcinwa nokuthutha, amathangi okugcina akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi amathangi okugcina e-HT(Q)LNG athuthukiswa. Lawa mathangi anezici ezihlukile eziwenza abe yinketho yokuqala yokugcina inqwaba ye-LNG. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izici eziyinhloko zamathangi okugcina e-HT(Q)LNG kanye nezinzuzo ezilethwayo.
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zamathangi okugcina e-HT(Q)LNG amandla awo aphakeme okufaka ukushisa okushisayo. Lawa mathangi aklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwe-LNG ngenxa yokuhwamuka ngokuhlinzeka ngokufakwa okusebenzayo. Lokhu kufezwa ngokuhlanganisa izingqimba eziningi zokufakelwa, njenge-perlite noma i-polyurethane foam, okunciphisa ngempumelelo ukudluliswa kokushisa. Ngakho-ke amathangi agcina i-LNG emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu, aqinisekisa ukuzinza kwawo futhi anciphise ukulahleka kwamandla.
Esinye isici se-HT(Q)LNG amathangi okugcina amandla awo okumelana nezingcindezi eziphezulu zangaphakathi. Lawa mathangi enziwe ngezinto eziqinile, njengensimbi engagqwali yezinga eliphezulu noma i-carbon steel, ekwazi ukumelana nezingcindezi eziphakeme ezenziwa yi-LNG. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlonyiswe ngezinhlelo zokuqapha nokulawula ezithuthukisiwe zokuqinisekisa ukuthi amathangi asebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga lokucindezela eliphephile. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuphepha nobuqotho bethangi, ukuvimbela noma yikuphi ukuvuza okungaba khona noma izingozi.
Ukwakhiwa kwamathangi okugcina e-HT(Q)LNG nakho kucabangela imiphumela yezinto zangaphandle, njengezehlakalo zokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nezimo zezulu ezinzima. Amathangi aklanyelwe ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba nezinye izinhlekelele zemvelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-LNG ihlala iphephile ngisho nasezikhathini ezineziyaluyalu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lamathangi afakwe izimbotshana zokuzivikela eziwavikela ezintweni ezigqwalayo njengamanzi anosawoti noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela andise ukuqina kwawo nokuphila isikhathi eside.
Ukwengeza, amathangi okugcina e-HT(Q)LNG aklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokusetshenziswa kahle kwendawo. Lawa amathangi eza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kanye nokucushwa futhi angenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokusekelwe esikhaleni esitholakalayo kanye nezidingo zokulondoloza. Idizayini emisha yalawa mathangi iwenza akwazi ukugcina amanani amakhulu e-LNG endaweni encane, asebenzise kahle indawo elinganiselwe. Lokhu kuzuzisa kakhulu ezimbonini noma ezikhungweni ezinendawo elinganiselwe kodwa ezidinga inani elikhulu lomthamo wokugcina we-LNG.
Amathangi okugcina e-HT(Q)LNG nawo anezici ezinhle kakhulu zokuphepha. Bafakwe izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokunciphisa umlilo ezihlanganisa izinzwa zokubona umlilo kanye nezinhlelo zokucindezela umlilo wegwebu. Lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha ziqinisekisa ukuvinjelwa kanye nokucisha ngokushesha uma kwenzeka umlilo, okunciphisa ingozi yokuqhuma noma umonakalo omkhulu.
Ngokungeziwe kulezi zici, amathangi okugcina e-HT(Q)LNG anikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, la mathangi angakwazi ukugcina i-LNG ngokuthembekile nangokuphephile esikhathini eside. Lokhu kubalulekile ezitshalweni zamandla, izikhungo zezimboni noma imikhumbi, ukuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa okuzinzile kwe-LNG ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Ukwengeza, ukusebenzisa amathangi okugcina e-HT(Q)LNG kunciphisa kakhulu i-carbon footprint njengoba i-LNG inguphethiloli ohlanzekile uma uqhathaniswa namanye ama-fossil. Ngokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwe-LNG, lamathangi afaka isandla ekusimameni kwemvelo futhi asize ukulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Kafushane, amathangi okugcina e-HT(Q)LNG anezici eziyisisekelo eziwenza abe yinketho yokuqala yokugcina i-LNG. Amandla abo okufaka ukushisa okushisayo aphezulu, amandla okumelana nezingcindezi eziphezulu, ukuvumelana nezimo zangaphandle, ukusetshenziswa kahle kwendawo nezici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe kubenza babe yisixazululo esikahle sezimboni nezindawo ezidinga ukugcinwa kwe-LNG okuthembekile nokuphephile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamathangi okugcina e-HT(Q)LNG kunganciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni futhi kube nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwemvelo. Njengoba isidingo se-LNG siqhubeka sikhula, lamathangi azodlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zamandla omhlaba ngenkathi eqinisekisa ukuphepha kanye nokuzibophezela kwemvelo.
Izicelo Zomkhiqizo
I-Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) ithole ukuduma njengendlela ehlukile ehlanzekile nesebenza ngempumelelo kumafutha endabuko. Ngokuqukethwe kwayo kwamandla aphezulu kanye nezinzuzo zemvelo, i-LNG isibe negalelo elikhulu ekushintsheni kwamandla omhlaba. Ingxenye eyodwa ebalulekile yochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwe-LNG amathangi okugcina e-HT(QL)NG, adlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni nokusabalalisa i-LNG.
Amathangi okugcina e-HT(QL)NG aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukugcina i-LNG emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu, ngokuvamile angaphansi kuka-162 degrees Celsius. Lawa mathangi akhiwa kusetshenziswa izinto ezikhethekile kanye namasu okufakelwa angamelana nezimo ezibandayo kakhulu. Ukugcinwa kwe-LNG kulawa mathangi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo zayo ezibonakalayo ziyagcinwa, okuyenza ifanelekele ukuthuthwa nokusetshenziswa okulandelayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamathangi okugcina e-HT(QL)NG kuhlukene futhi kusabalele. Lawa mathangi ajwayele ukusetshenziswa embonini ye-LNG ukugcina nokusabalalisa i-LNG kubasebenzisi bokugcina abahlukahlukene. Zibalulekile ekusekeleni izimboni zamandla aphehlwa igesi yemvelo, amasistimu okufudumeza ahlala kanye nezohwebo, izinqubo zezimboni, kanye nomkhakha wezokuthutha.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yamathangi okugcina e-HT(QL)NG amandla awo okugcina umthamo omkhulu wegesi yemvelo ewuketshezi endaweni encane. Lawa mathangi akhiwe ngosayizi abahlukahlukene futhi angagcina i-LNG ukusuka ku-cubic metres eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa kuya kuma-cubic metres ezinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kahle komhlaba futhi kuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa okuqhubekayo kwe-LNG ukuhlangabezana nesidingo.
Enye inzuzo yamathangi okugcina e-HT(QL)NG amazinga awo aphezulu okuphepha. Lawa mathangi aklanywe futhi akhelwe ukumelana nokuguquguquka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa, imisebenzi yokuzamazama komhlaba, nezinye izici zemvelo. Zihlanganisa izici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe ezifana nezinhlelo zokuqukatha kabili, amavalvu okunciphisa ingcindezi, nezinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokuthola ukuvuza, okuqinisekisa ukugcinwa okuphephile nokuphathwa kwe-LNG.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathangi okugcina e-HT(QL)NG enzelwe ukuqina kwesikhathi eside. Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwazo zimelana nokugqwala, ziqinisekisa ubuqotho bethangi futhi zivimbela noma yikuphi ukuvuza noma ukuphulwa. Lokhu kuqina kuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwesikhathi eside nokuthembeka kwe-LNG egciniwe.
Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bamathangi okugcina we-HT(QL)NG nayo iholele ekuthuthukisweni kwezixazululo ezintsha nezingabizi kakhulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa kwamasistimu okuqapha amathangi ahlinzeka ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela kumazinga e-LNG, ingcindezi, nezinga lokushisa. Lokhu kuvumela ukuphathwa ngempumelelo kwe-inventory kanye nokwenza kahle kwalo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwe-LNG.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathangi okugcina e-HT(QL)NG anegalelo ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa. Ngokugcina i-LNG emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu, lamathangi avimbela ukuhwamuka kwayo nokuphuma kwe-methane, igesi ebamba ukushisa enamandla. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-LNG ihlala iwukhetho lukaphethiloli oluhlanzekile futhi oluhambisana nemvelo.
Sengiphetha, amathangi okugcina e-HT(QL)NG ayizingxenye ezibalulekile ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwe-LNG, asiza ukugcinwa nokusatshalaliswa kwe-LNG ezinhlelweni ezahlukene. Amandla abo okugcina amanani amakhulu e-LNG, amazinga aphezulu okuphepha, ukuqina, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kubenza babe ingxenye yengqalasizinda ebalulekile ekushintsheni kwamandla. Ngokukhula kwesidingo samandla ahlanzekile emhlabeni wonke, ukubaluleka kwamathangi okugcina e-HT(QL)NG ekusekeleni ukwamukelwa kwe-LNG njengomthombo kaphethiloli angeke kweqiswe.
Ifekthri
Indawo Yokusuka
Indawo yokukhiqiza
| Ukucaciswa | Ivolumu ephumelelayo | Ingcindezi yokuklama | Ingcindezi yokusebenza | Ingcindezi yokusebenza ephezulu evumelekile | Ubuncane bokushisa kwensimbi yokuklama | Uhlobo lomkhumbi | Usayizi womkhumbi | Isisindo somkhumbi | Uhlobo lwe-thermal insulation | Izinga lokuhwamuka elimile | Ivacuum yokuvala | Impilo yesevisi yokuklama | Paint brand |
| m3 | I-MPa | I-MPa | I-MPa | ℃ | / | mm | Kg | / | %/d(O2) | Pa | Y | / | |
| HT(Q)10/10 | 10.0 | 1.000 | ＜1.0 | 1.087 | -196 | Ⅱ | φ2166*2450*6200 | (4640) | I-Multi-layer winding | 0.220 | 0.02 | 30 | Jotun |
| HT(Q)10/16 | 10.0 | 1.600 | ＜1.6 | 1.695 | -196 | Ⅱ | φ2166*2450*6200 | (5250) | I-Multi-layer winding | 0.220 | 0.02 | 30 | Jotun |
| HT(Q)15/10 | 15.0 | 1.000 | ＜1.0 | 1.095 | -196 | Ⅱ | φ2166*2450*7450 | (5925) | I-Multi-layer winding | 0.175 | 0.02 | 30 | Jotun |
| HT(Q)15/16 | 15.0 | 1.600 | ＜1.6 | 1.642 | -196 | Ⅱ | φ2166*2450*7450 | (6750) | I-Multi-layer winding | 0.175 | 0.02 | 30 | Jotun |
| HT(Q)20/10 | 20.0 | 1.000 | ＜1.0 | 1.047 | -196 | Ⅱ | φ2516*2800*7800 | (7125) | I-Multi-layer winding | 0.153 | 0.02 | 30 | Jotun |
| HT(Q)20/16 | 20.0 | 1.600 | ＜1.6 | 1.636 | -196 | Ⅱ | φ2516*2800*7800 | (8200) | I-Multi-layer winding | 0.153 | 0.02 | 30 | Jotun |
| HT(Q)30/10 | 30.0 | 1.000 | ＜1.0 | 1.097 | -196 | Ⅱ | φ2516*2800*10800 | (9630) | I-Multi-layer winding | 0.133 | 0.02 | 30 | Jotun |
| HT(Q)30/16 | 30.0 | 1.600 | ＜1.6 | 1.729 | -196 | Ⅲ | φ2516*2800*10800 | (10930) | I-Multi-layer winding | 0.133 | 0.02 | 30 | Jotun |
| HT(Q)40/10 | 40.0 | 1.000 | ＜1.0 | 1.099 | -196 | Ⅱ | φ3020*3300*10000 | (12100) | I-Multi-layer winding | 0.115 | 0.02 | 30 | Jotun |
| HT(Q)40/16 | 40.0 | 1.600 | ＜1.6 | 1.713 | -196 | Ⅲ | φ3020*3300*10000 | (13710) | I-Multi-layer winding | 0.115 | 0.02 | 30 | Jotun |
| HT(Q)50/10 | 50.0 | 1.000 | ＜1.0 | 1.019 | -196 | Ⅱ | φ3020*3300*12025 | (15730) | I-Multi-layer winding | 0.100 | 0.03 | 30 | Jotun |
| HT(Q)50/16 | 50.0 | 1.600 | ＜1.6 | 1.643 | -196 | Ⅲ | φ3020*3300*12025 | (17850) | I-Multi-layer winding | 0.100 | 0.03 | 30 | Jotun |
| HT(Q)60/10 | 60.0 | 1.000 | ＜1.0 | 1.017 | -196 | Ⅱ | φ3020*3300*14025 | (20260) | I-Multi-layer winding | 0.095 | 0.05 | 30 | Jotun |
| HT(Q)60/16 | 60.0 | 1.600 | ＜1.6 | 1.621 | -196 | Ⅲ | φ3020*3300*14025 | (31500) | I-Multi-layer winding | 0.095 | 0.05 | 30 | Jotun |
| HT(Q)100/10 | 100.0 | 1.000 | ＜1.0 | 1.120 | -196 | Ⅲ | φ3320*3600*19500 | (35300) | I-Multi-layer winding | 0.070 | 0.05 | 30 | Jotun |
| HT(Q)100/16 | 100.0 | 1.600 | ＜1.6 | 1.708 | -196 | Ⅲ | φ3320*3600*19500 | (40065) | I-Multi-layer winding | 0.070 | 0.05 | 30 | Jotun |
| HT(Q)150/10 | 150.0 | 1.000 | ＜1.0 | 1.044 | -196 | Ⅲ | I-Multi-layer winding | 0.055 | 0.05 | 30 | Jotun | ||
| HT(Q)150/16 | 150.0 | 1.600 | ＜1.6 | 1.629 | -196 | Ⅲ | I-Multi-layer winding | 0.055 | 0.05 | 30 | Jotun |
Qaphela:
1. Imingcele engenhla yenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nemingcele ye-oxygen, i-nitrogen ne-argon ngesikhathi esifanayo;
2. I-medium ingaba yinoma iyiphi igesi ewuketshezi, futhi imingcele ingase ingahambisani namanani wetafula;
3. Ivolumu/ubukhulu bungaba yinoma yiliphi inani futhi kungenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo;
I-4.Q imele ukuqinisa amandla, u-C ubhekisela kuthangi lokugcina isikhutha esiwuketshezi
5. Imingcele yakamuva ingatholakala enkampanini yethu ngenxa yezibuyekezo zomkhiqizo.
