Ithangi le-N₂ Buffer: Isitoreji se-nitrogen esisebenza kahle sezicelo zezimboni
Inzuzo yomkhiqizo
Amathangi okwandisa i-nitrogen ayingxenye ebalulekile kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lwe-nitrogen. Leli thangi linesibopho sokugcina ingcindezi ye-nitrogen efanele kanye nokugeleza kwayo kulo lonke uhlelo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu. Ukuqonda izici zethangi lokukhulisa i-nitrogen kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kahle kwalo.
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zethangi lokukhuphuka kwe-nitrogen usayizi walo. Usayizi wethangi kufanele wanele ukugcina inani elifanele le-nitrogen ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zesistimu. Usayizi wethangi uncike ezintweni ezifana nesilinganiso sokugeleza esidingekayo kanye nobude bokusebenza. Ithangi lokukhuphuka kwe-nitrogen elincane kakhulu lingabangela ukugcwalisa kabusha njalo, okuholela ekungasebenzini kwesikhathi kanye nokunciphisa umkhiqizo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ithangi elikhulu kakhulu lingase lingabi wusizo ngoba lidla isikhala esiningi kanye nezinsizakusebenza.
Esinye isici esibalulekile sethangi lokukhuphuka kwe-nitrogen isilinganiso salo sokucindezela. Amathangi kufanele aklanywe ukuze amelane nokucindezela kwe-nitrogen egcinwayo futhi esakazwayo. Lesi silinganiso siqinisekisa ukuphepha kwethangi futhi sivimbele noma yikuphi ukuvuza noma ukwehluleka okungenzeka. Kubalulekile ukubonisana nochwepheshe noma umenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isilinganiso sokucindezela kwethangi sihlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zesistimu yakho ye-nitrogen.
Izinto ezisetshenziswa ukwakha ithangi lokukhuphuka kwe-nitrogen nazo ziyisici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe. Amathangi okugcina kufanele akhiwe ngezinto ezingagqwali ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okungenzeka noma ukuwohloka ekuthinteni i-nitrogen. Izinto ezifana nensimbi engagqwali noma insimbi yekhabhoni ezinezimbozo ezifanele zivame ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yokuqina kwazo kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Izinto ezikhethiwe kufanele zihambisane ne-nitrogen ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ithangi lihlala isikhathi eside futhi lisebenza kahle.
Ukwakheka kwethangi le-N₂ buffer nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ezimfanelweni zalo. Amathangi aklanywe kahle kufanele afake izici ezivumela ukusebenza nokugcinwa kahle. Isibonelo, amathangi okugcina kufanele abe nama-valve afanele, ama-pressure gauge kanye namadivayisi okuphepha ukuqinisekisa ukuqapha nokulawula okulula. Futhi, cabanga ukuthi ithangi kulula yini ukulihlola nokunakekela, njengoba lokhu kuzothinta ubude balo nokuthembeka kwalo.
Ukufakwa nokugcinwa okufanele kubalulekile ekukhuliseni izici zethangi lokukhuphuka kwe-nitrogen. Amathangi kufanele afakwe kahle ngokuhambisana neziqondiso zomkhiqizi kanye nezindinganiso zemboni. Imisebenzi yokuhlola nokulungisa njalo, njengokuhlola ukuvuza, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-valve kanye nokuhlola amazinga okucindezela, kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kutholakale noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona noma ukuwohloka. Kufanele kuthathwe isinyathelo esisheshayo nesifanele ukuxazulula noma yiziphi izinkinga ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kohlelo nokugcina ukusebenza kahle kwethangi.
Ukusebenza okuphelele kwethangi lokukhuphuka kwe-nitrogen kuthinteka yizici zalo ezahlukahlukene, ezinqunywa kakhulu yizidingo ezithile zesistimu ye-nitrogen. Ukuqonda kahle lezi zici kuvumela ukukhethwa, ukufakwa, kanye nokugcinwa kwethangi okufanele, okuholela ohlelweni lwe-nitrogen olusebenzayo noluthembekile.
Ngamafuphi, izici zethangi lokukhuphuka kwe-nitrogen, okuhlanganisa usayizi walo, isilinganiso sokucindezela, izinto zokwakha, kanye nomklamo, kuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwalo ohlelweni lwe-nitrogen. Ukucatshangelwa kahle kwalezi zici kuqinisekisa ukuthi ithangi linobukhulu obufanele, liyakwazi ukumelana nokucindezela, lakhiwe ngezinto ezingagqwali, futhi linesakhiwo esiklanywe kahle. Ukufakwa nokugcinwa njalo kwethangi lokugcina izinto kubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kahle kwalo. Ngokuqonda nokwenza ngcono lezi zici, amathangi okukhuphuka kwe-nitrogen angaba negalelo empumelelweni iyonke yesistimu ye-nitrogen.
Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Zomkhiqizo
Ukusetshenziswa kwamathangi okukhuphuka kwe-nitrogen (N₂) kubalulekile ezinqubweni zezimboni lapho ukucindezela nokulawula izinga lokushisa kubalulekile khona. Aklanyelwe ukulawula ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi nokuqinisekisa ukugeleza kwegesi okuzinzile, amathangi okukhuphuka kwe-nitrogen adlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezicelo ezimbonini ezifana namakhemikhali, ezemithi, eze-petrochemical kanye nezokukhiqiza.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wethangi lokuqhuma kwe-nitrogen ukugcina i-nitrogen ezingeni elithile lokucindezela, ngokuvamile ngaphezu kwengcindezi yokusebenza kwesistimu. I-nitrogen egciniwe bese isetshenziselwa ukukhokhela ukwehla kwengcindezi okungenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko ekudingweni noma izinguquko ekuhlinzekweni kwegesi. Ngokugcina ingcindezi ezinzile, amathangi e-buffer enza kube lula ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwesistimu, kuvimbele noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka noma amaphutha ekukhiqizeni.
Esinye sezicelo ezivelele kakhulu zamatangi okukhuphuka kwe-nitrogen kusekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali. Kulo mkhakha, ukulawulwa okunembile kwengcindezi kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuphephile nokusebenzayo. Amatangi okukhuphuka ahlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokucubungula amakhemikhali asiza ekuqiniseni ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ingozi yezingozi futhi kuqinisekiswe ukukhishwa komkhiqizo okuqhubekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathangi okukhuphuka ahlinzeka ngomthombo we-nitrogen wemisebenzi yokumboza, lapho ukususwa komoya-mpilo kubalulekile ukuvimbela i-oxidation noma ezinye izimpendulo ezingafuneki.
Embonini yezemithi, amathangi okwandisa i-nitrogen asetshenziswa kabanzi ukugcina izimo zemvelo eziqondile emakamelweni nasemalebhu ahlanzekile. Lawa matanki ahlinzeka ngomthombo onokwethenjelwa we-nitrogen ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanza imishini, ukuvimbela ukungcola kanye nokugcina ubuqotho bomkhiqizo. Ngokuphatha ngempumelelo ingcindezi, amathangi okukhulisa i-nitrogen anegalelo ekulawulweni kwekhwalithi iyonke kanye nokuhambisana nemithethonqubo yemboni, okwenza abe yimpahla ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwemithi.
Izitshalo ze-petrochemical zihilela ukuphatha inani elikhulu lezinto ezishintshashintshayo nezivuthayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuphepha kubalulekile kulezi zikhungo. Amathangi okushisa e-nitrogen asetshenziswa lapha njengesinyathelo sokuqapha ukuqhuma noma umlilo. Ngokugcina ingcindezi ephakeme njalo, amathangi okushisa avikela imishini yenqubo emonakalweni ongaba khona obangelwa izinguquko ezingazelelwe ekucindezelweni kwesistimu.
Ngaphezu kwezimboni zamakhemikhali, zemithi kanye neze-petrochemical, amathangi okwandisa i-nitrogen asetshenziswa kabanzi ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza ezidinga ukulawulwa okunembile kwengcindezi, njengokukhiqiza izimoto, ukucubungula ukudla neziphuzo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindiza. Kulezi zimboni, amathangi okukhulisa i-nitrogen asiza ukugcina ingcindezi engaguquki ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zomoya, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazanyiswa kwemishini namathuluzi abalulekile.
Uma ukhetha ithangi lokukhuphuka kwe-nitrogen lokusetshenziswa okuthile, izici eziningana kumele zicatshangelwe. Lezi zici zifaka phakathi umthamo wethangi odingekayo, ububanzi bokucindezela kanye nezinto zokwakha. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ithangi elingahlangabezana ngokwanele nezidingo zokugeleza kanye nokucindezela kohlelo, kuyilapho futhi kucatshangelwa izici ezifana nokumelana nokugqwala, ukuhambisana nendawo yokusebenza, kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho.
Ngamafuphi, amathangi okwandisa i-nitrogen ayingxenye ebalulekile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezicelo zezimboni, enikeza ukuzinza kwengcindezi okudingeka kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle. Amandla ayo okubuyisela ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi nokunikeza ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwe-nitrogen kuyenza ibe yimpahla ebalulekile ezimbonini lapho ukulawulwa okunembile nokuthembeka kubalulekile khona. Ngokutshala imali ethangini lokukhulisa i-nitrogen elifanele, izinkampani zingakhulisa ukusebenza kahle, zinciphise ubungozi, futhi zigcine ubuqotho bokukhiqiza, ekugcineni zibe negalelo empumelelweni iyonke endaweni yezimboni yanamuhla yokuncintisana.
Ifektri
Indawo Yokuhamba
Indawo yokukhiqiza
| Amapharamitha okuklama kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe | ||||||||
| inombolo yomkhiqizo | iphrojekthi | isitsha | ||||||
| 1 | Izindinganiso kanye nemininingwane yokuklama, ukukhiqiza, ukuhlola kanye nokuhlola | 1. GB/T150.1~150.4-2011 “Izitsha Zokucindezela”. 2. TSG 21-2016 “Imithethonqubo Yokuqapha Ubuchwepheshe Bokuphepha Yezitsha Ezinengcindezi Engashintshi”. 3. NB/T47015-2011 “Imithetho Yokushisela Yezitsha Ezicindezelayo”. | ||||||
| 2 | i-MPa yokucindezela komklamo | 5.0 | ||||||
| 3 | ingcindezi yomsebenzi | I-MPa | 4.0 | |||||
| 4 | setha izinga lokushisa ℃ | 80 | ||||||
| 5 | Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza ℃ | 20 | ||||||
| 6 | okuphakathi nendawo | Umoya/Awunabo ubuthi/Iqembu Lesibili | ||||||
| 7 | Izinto eziyinhloko zengxenye yokucindezela | Ibanga lepuleti lensimbi kanye nezinga elijwayelekile | Q345R GB/T713-2014 | |||||
| hlola kabusha | / | |||||||
| 8 | Izinto zokushisela | ukushisela i-arc engaphansi kwamanzi | H10Mn2+SJ101 | |||||
| Ukushisela i-arc yensimbi yegesi, ukushisela i-argon tungsten arc, ukushisela i-electrode arc | I-ER50-6,J507 | |||||||
| 9 | I-coefficient yamalunga e-Weld | 1.0 | ||||||
| 10 | Akunakulahlekelwa ukutholwa | Uhlobo A, isixhumi se-splice B | NB/T47013.2-2015 | I-X-ray eyi-100%, Isigaba II, Ubuchwepheshe Bokuthola Isigaba AB | ||||
| NB/T47013.3-2015 | / | |||||||
| A, B, C, D, E amalunga ahlanganisiwe | NB/T47013.4-2015 | Ukuhlolwa kwezinhlayiya ze-magnetic eziyi-100%, ibanga | ||||||
| 11 | Isibonelelo sokugqwala mm | 1 | ||||||
| 12 | Bala ubukhulu mm | Isilinda: 17.81 Inhloko: 17.69 | ||||||
| 13 | ivolumu egcwele m³ | 5 | ||||||
| 14 | Isici sokugcwalisa | / | ||||||
| 15 | ukwelashwa kokushisa | / | ||||||
| 16 | Izigaba zezitsha | Isigaba II | ||||||
| 17 | Ikhodi yokuklama i-Seismic kanye nebanga | izinga 8 | ||||||
| 18 | Ikhodi yokuklama umthwalo womoya kanye nesivinini somoya | Ukucindezela komoya 850Pa | ||||||
| 19 | ingcindezi yokuhlola | Ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic (izinga lokushisa lamanzi alikho ngaphansi kuka-5°C) MPa | / | |||||
| ukuhlolwa komfutho womoya i-MPa | 5.5 (i-nitrogen) | |||||||
| Ukuhlolwa kokuqina komoya | I-MPa | / | ||||||
| 20 | Izesekeli zokuphepha kanye nezinsimbi | igeyiji yokucindezela | Ukudayela: 100mm Ibanga: 0~10MPa | |||||
| ivalvu yokuphepha | ingcindezi esethiwe：MPa | 4.4 | ||||||
| ububanzi obujwayelekile | I-DN40 | |||||||
| 21 | ukuhlanza ubuso | I-JB/T6896-2007 | ||||||
| 22 | Impilo yesevisi yokuklama | Iminyaka engama-20 | ||||||
| 23 | Ukupakisha Nokuthumela | Ngokwemithethonqubo ye-NB/T10558-2021 “Ukugqoka Nokupakisha Izitsha Zokucindezela” | ||||||
| “Qaphela: 1. Imishini kufanele isekelwe kahle, futhi ukumelana nokufakwa komhlabathi kufanele kube ngu-≤10Ω.2. Le mishini ihlolwa njalo ngokwezidingo ze-TSG 21-2016 “Imithethonqubo Yokuqapha Ubuchwepheshe Bokuphepha Yezitsha Ezicindezelayo Ezimile”. Lapho inani lokugqwala kwemishini lifinyelela inani elibekiwe ekudwebeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwemishini, izomiswa ngokushesha.3. Ukuqondiswa kwe-nozzle kubhekwa ngendlela ethi A. “ | ||||||||
| Itafula le-nozzle | ||||||||
| uphawu | Usayizi ojwayelekile | Usayizi woxhumano ojwayelekile | Uhlobo lokuxhumanisa | inhloso noma igama | ||||
| A | I-DN80 | HG/T 20592-2009 WN80(B)-63 | I-RF | ukungena komoya | ||||
| B | / | I-M20×1.5 | Iphethini yebhabhathane | Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokulinganisa ingcindezi | ||||
| ( | I-DN80 | HG/T 20592-2009 WN80(B)-63 | I-RF | indawo yokukhipha umoya | ||||
| D | I-DN40 | / | ukushisela | Isixhumi se-valve yokuphepha | ||||
| E | I-DN25 | / | ukushisela | Indawo Yokukhipha Indle | ||||
| F | I-DN40 | HG/T 20592-2009 WN40(B)-63 | I-RF | umlomo we-thermometer | ||||
| M | I-DN450 | I-HG/T 20615-2009 S0450-300 | I-RF | umngxuma | ||||
